Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text, data, images, or ideas from other sources without proper citation.

• Presenting another author’s work as one’s own.

• Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously.

• Reusing significant portions of previously published work without proper acknowledgment (self-plagiarism).

• Improper paraphrasing or minor modifications of another author’s work.

Acceptable Similarity Index

To maintain academic quality, the journal follows these general guidelines:

• Overall similarity should not exceed 15–20%.

• Similarity from a single source should not exceed 3–5%.

• References, methodology descriptions, and commonly used technical terms may be excluded from similarity calculations.

Policy on Detected Plagiarism

Before Review

If plagiarism is detected at the submission stage:

• The manuscript will be immediately rejected.

• Authors may be asked to revise and resubmit with proper citations.

During Peer Review

If plagiarism is identified during the review process:

• The manuscript will be rejected.

• Authors may receive a formal warning from the editorial office.

After Publication

If plagiarism is discovered after publication:

• The article may be retracted.

• A retraction notice will be published on the journal website.

• Authors’ institutions may be notified if necessary.

Author Responsibility

Authors must ensure that:

• Their work is original and has not been published elsewhere.

• All sources are properly cited and referenced.

• They obtain permission for any copyrighted material used.